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Lied van die filosoof/

Song of the philosopher/

La chanson du philosophe 

11 March - 5 April 2023 | Rust-en-Vrede Gallery, Durbanville

25 May - 9 July 2023 | Latuvu Gallery, Bages, France

19 August - 2 September 2023 | Trent Gallery, Pretoria 

View:  Catalogue

Elfriede Dreyer, Song of the philosopher 1

Elfriede Dreyer, Song of the philosopher 1

[La chanson du philosophe/Lied van die filosoof 1], 2023 Mixed media on canvas, 120x122cm

Elfriede Dreyer, Song of the philosopher 2

Elfriede Dreyer, Song of the philosopher 2

[La chanson du philosophe 2/Lied van die filosoof 2], 2023 Mixed media on canvas, 120x122cm

Elfriede Dreyer, Ships of Neurath

Elfriede Dreyer, Ships of Neurath

[Navires de Neurath/Skepe van Neurath], 2023 Mixed media on linen, 100x100cm Sold

Elfriede Dreyer, Uthiopia

Elfriede Dreyer, Uthiopia

2023 Oil and aluminium on linen, 122x122cm On reserve

Elfriede Dreyer, Philosopher’s gold

Elfriede Dreyer, Philosopher’s gold

[L’or du philosophe/Goud van die filosoof], 2023. Oil and ink on plastic, 101x191cm

Elfriede Dreyer, Anthropocene 1-3

Elfriede Dreyer, Anthropocene 1-3

[Anthropocéne/Anthroposeen 1-3], 2023 Ink on aluminium On reserve

Elfriede Dreyer, Big Bang_Big Chill

Elfriede Dreyer, Big Bang_Big Chill

Acrylic, oil, aluminium and spent paint on Perspex, 40x120cm

Elfriede Dreyer, Acid rain

Elfriede Dreyer, Acid rain

[Pluie acide/Suurreën], 2023 Acrylic on canvas, 30x61cm

Elfriede Dreyer, Scorched earth

Elfriede Dreyer, Scorched earth

[Terre brûlée/Verskroeide aarde], 2023. Acrylic on canvas, 30x61cm ----------------------------

Elfriede Dreyer, The rape of Africa (Table mountain)

Elfriede Dreyer, The rape of Africa (Table mountain)

[Le viol d'Afrique (Table montagne)/Die Verkragting van Afrika (Utopie)], 2023 Mixed media on canvas, 30x42cm

Elfriede Dreyer, The rape of Africa (Table mountain)

Elfriede Dreyer, The rape of Africa (Table mountain)

[Le viol d'Afrique (Table montagne)/Die Verkragting van Afrika (Tafelberg)], 2023 Mixed media on canvas, 30x61cm

Elfriede Dreyer, Atlantis 1

Elfriede Dreyer, Atlantis 1

[L’Atlantide/Atlantis] 1, 2023 Acrylic and oil on canvas, 30x42cm Sold

Elfriede Dreyer, Atlantis 2

Elfriede Dreyer, Atlantis 2

[L’Atlantide/Atlantis] 2, 2023 Acrylic and oil on canvas, 30x42cm Sold

Elfriede Dreyer, Sunset/Aftermath

Elfriede Dreyer, Sunset/Aftermath

[Coucher de soleil/Suite/Sonsondergang/Nasleep, 2022 Intermedia on canvas, 50x50cm Sold

Elfriede Dreyer, (M)Other

Elfriede Dreyer, (M)Other

2022 Acrylic and ink on canvas, 60x80cm Sold

Elfriede Dreyer, M(Other) 3

Elfriede Dreyer, M(Other) 3

2023 Mixed media on paper

Elfriede Dreyer, M(Other) 2, 2023

Elfriede Dreyer, M(Other) 2, 2023

2023 Mixed media on paper Sold

Elfriede Dreyer, Forgotten 1&2

Elfriede Dreyer, Forgotten 1&2

[Vergete 1&2], 2022 Intermedia op doek, 841x594mm each Sold

Elfriede Dreyer, Plato's cave]

Elfriede Dreyer, Plato's cave]

[La caverne de Platon/Plato se grot, 2022 Intermedia on canvas, 60x80cm Sold

Elfriede Dreyer, Rhizome

Elfriede Dreyer, Rhizome

[Rhizome/Risoom], 2023 Ink on canvas, 40x60cm Sold

Elfriede Dreyer, Zoo city

Elfriede Dreyer, Zoo city

[Ville zoo/Dierestad] 1, 2023 Epson ink op Hewlett Packard Gloss 235gsm, 84x119cm

Elfriede Dreyer, Zoo city 2

Elfriede Dreyer, Zoo city 2

[Ville zoo/Dierestad] 2, 2023 Mixed media on canvas, 51x40cm

Elfriede Dreyer, Zoo city 3

Elfriede Dreyer, Zoo city 3

[Ville zoo/Dierestad] 3, 2023 Mixed media on canvas, 51x40cm

Elfriede Dreyer, Rhino in the room

Elfriede Dreyer, Rhino in the room

[Rhino dans la chambre /Renoster in die kamer], 2023 Mixed media on canvas, 52x40cm Sold

Elfriede Dreyer, Robot

Elfriede Dreyer, Robot

2023 Pencil on 250gsm Fabriano, 50x70cm

Elfriede Dreyer, Are you playing with the cat or the cat with you?

Elfriede Dreyer, Are you playing with the cat or the cat with you?

[Joues-tu avec le chat ou le chat avec toi?/Speel jy met die kat of die kat met jou?], 2023 Charcoal and pastel on 250gsm Fabriano, 50x70cm

Elfriede Dreyer, Animal farm

Elfriede Dreyer, Animal farm

2023 Charcoal and pastel on 250gsm Fabriano, 50x70cm

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MY GEDAGTES …

As mense word ons deur taal bepraat en beskryf, maar ons is nie meesters in die proses van betekenisgewing nie, soos Hompie Kedompie ons geleer het, al smag ons hoe daarna (Rosi Braidotti 2014:164). In erkenning van die mag van taal in die konstruksie van ons wêreld, transmuteer ek verbale bepeinsinge van filosowe en skrywers tot kunswerke. Hulle idees wys op ‘n soeke na waarheid, wysheid en insig oor die mens se verhouding tot die omgewing en ander wesens, of soos Braidotti sê, op ‘n omgaan met ons gedeelde menswees. Die nou verband tussen woord en beeld is reeds in die antieke tyd uitgewys, soos deur Horasius (19 vC) in sy Ars Poetica. Maar hierdie verwantskap kan nie tot ‘n totale ooreenkoms (ut pictura poësis) of ‘n totale verskil (paragone) gereduseer word nie. Dit toon komplekse verwantskappe wat mekaar komplementeer en deur die idee verbind word. Hierdie interdissiplinêre verhoudings skep nuwe betekenis in hul hibriditeit deur middel van die verbeelding se visualisering. Woord-beeld verhoudings word deur ooreenkoms, assosiasie en emosie gevorm, maar klank en musiek kan ook die verbeelding en selfs visuele fantasie opwek.

Vir Paul Ricoeur (1977:352) strek die verwysingsveld wat in taal verborge lê verby sigbare, perseptuele dinge. Vir hom kan die handeling of ervaring van ‘sien-as’ (‘seeing as’) as die ontbrekende skakel in die ketting van interpretasie beskou word: ‘Sien-as’ is die sensuele aspek van poëtiese taal. As half denke en half ervaring kan ‘sien-as’ as die band in die intuïtiewe verhouding tussen betekenis en beeld beskou word (Ricoeur 1977:252). Georges Didi-Huberman (2016:112) wys daarop dat beelde al sedert Plato daarvan beskuldig word dat hulle foutief is of illusies voortbring. Volgens hom kan ons daarom aanneem dat ‘n beeld ‘n draer van ‘nie-kennis’ is; iets wat geïnterpreteer, bedink of beskryf moet word. Nie-kennis tot kennis is soos die vuurvlieg tot lig: “The image is indeed like a firefly, a little glimmer, the lucciola of transient, sporadic events”.

My retoriese metodologie van metafoortoepassing vertrek van die woord as ‘n verwysingseenheid en ek soek figuratiewe ooreenkomste; maar die dans met woord en beeld wat in my proses van transmutasie ontwikkel ken geen grense nie. Die liedere van die filosowe verander in galopperende beelde, in navolging van Didi-Huberman, “[to] bring forth a flood of representations, straddled ravines, ruptures, discontinuities, … unnatural leaps and … unnecessary entities.” Dekonstruksie gebeur deur af te wyk van die oorspronklike idee as gevolg van die toepassing van my eie verwysingsraamwerk. Nuwe figuratiewe uitdrukking groei uit die metafore wat taal skep, maar wanneer die ‘vertaalde’ beeld geskep word verander die ooreenkomste of metonomie in gedifferensieerde betekenis of polisemie.

 

Hierdie werke volg op my vorige ondersoeke na tyd en plek in utopiese wêrelde, maar dit verkry hier ‘n alchemiese karakter van versmelting van die hede en verlede, en word verbind met ‘n soeke na wysheid. Ek het op ‘n alchemiese estetika besluit omdat dit die vermenging van idees wat latent in die metafoor verborge lê, weerspieël en die vloei van betekenis tussen woord en beeld distilleer. Die alchemiese onderbou in konsep, media en prosesse wys op ‘n transmutasie, fermentasie, verfyning en samevoeging van idees en materiale. Fisiese media vermeng met digitale media, hul vul mekaar aan en wis mekaar uit. My kleurskema hou verband met die stadia van alchemiese transmutasie van die prima materia na die filosoof se klip van wysheid. Die stadiums is nigredo (melanosis) - swart; albedo (leucosis)  – wit;  citrinitas (xanthosis) – geel/goud; en rubedo (iosis) – rooi. Nuanses van alchemiese grys en metaal word gebruik in verwysing na die sewe planetêre metale in alchemie – yster, lood, tin, silwer, goud, kwik en koper – wat elk na ‘n planeet asook ‘n menslike orgaan verwys. Fosforgroen verteenwoordig lig en insig, maar dit kan ook as verteenwoordigend van ‘n utopiese ‘goeie plek’ gelees word. Waar ‘n nagtelike palet gebruik word verwys dit na die donkerte van oerchaos maar ook na die skemer van die onderbewussyn.

Elke kunswerk het gepaardgaande teks met verwante filosofiese idees wat wissel van 400vC tot huidige formulerings oor die kuborg en die Antroposeen. Verbale stellinge oor die menslike natuur; mense se gesitueerdheid in die wêreld; genetika; herinnering; kennis; en die impak van nuwe tegnologie word visueel geïnterpreteer. Deur middel van dierebeelde en dierlike omgewings lewer ek kommentaar op idees van genetiese ewolusie en tegnologiese transmutasie.

Elfriede Dreyer.

 

Bronne/Sources :

Georges Didi-Huberman, 2016. Glimpses. Between Appearance and Disappearance. Zeitschrift Fuer Medien Und Kulturforschung (7):109-124.

Paul Ricoeur, 1977. The Rule of Metaphor: The creation of meaning in language, translation/traduction Robert Czerny, Kathleen McLaughlin, John Costello, SJ. London/New York: Routledge.

Rosi Braidotti, 2014. Writing as a nomadic subject. Comparative Critical Studies 11.2–3: 163–184.

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MES PENSÉES …

« We are spoken by language, written by it and, as Humpty Dumpty teaches us, we can never be considered masters of the process of meaning, no matter how hard we may long for it. [Nous sommes parlés par la langue, écrits par elle et, comme nous l'enseigne Humpty Dumpty, nous ne pouvons jamais être considérés comme les maîtres du processus de signification, peu importe à quel point nous le désirons.] » (Rosi Braidotti 2014 : 164). Reconnaissant le pouvoir du langage dans la construction de notre monde, je transmute certaines réflexions verbales de philosophes et d'écrivains en œuvres d'art. Leurs idées indiquent une recherche de vérité, de sagesse et de perspicacité sur la relation des humains avec leur environnement et les autres êtres, ou comme le dit Braidotti, un engagement avec notre humanité partagée. La relation étroite entre le mot et l'image a déjà été discutée dans l'antiquité, comme par Horace (19 avant notre ère) dans son Ars Poetica. Mais une telle interconnexion ne peut être réduite à une similitude totale (ut pictura poesis) ou à une différence totale (paragone). Il montre des relations complexes qui se complètent et sont liées par l'idée. Ces relations interdisciplinaires créent un nouveau sens dans leur hybridité, à travers la visualisation de l'imagination. Les relations mot-image sont formées par la correspondance, l’association et l’émotion, mais le son et la musique peuvent aussi évoquer des images et même de la fantaisie visuelle.

Pour Paul Ricœur (1977 : 352), l’acte ou l’expérience de « voir comme » peut être considéré comme le chaînon manquant dans la chaîne d’explication : « « Voir comme » est l’aspect sensible du langage poétique. Mi-pensée, mi-expérience, « voir comme » est la relation intuitive qui unit le sens et l'image » (Ricoeur 1977 : 252). Georges Didi-Huberman (2016) rappelle que depuis Platon, les images ont été accusées de porter ou de produire des 'erreurs et des illusions. On peut donc supposer qu'une image est un véhicule de « non-savoir », qui est quelque chose qui doit être imaginé, à penser ou écrit. Pour ce philosophe (2016 : 112), le non-savoir est au savoir « ce que la luciole est à la lumière … . L'image est en effet comme une luciole, une petite lueur, une lucciole d'événements éphémères et sporadiques ».

Ma méthodologie rhétorique d'application de la métaphore part du mot comme unité de référence et je recherche des ressemblances ; mais dans mon processus de transmutation, ma danse avec le mot et l'image ne connaît pas de frontières. Les chants des philosophes se transforment en images galopantes, à la suite de Didi-Huberman, qui font « jaillir un flot de représentations, de ravins chevauchés, de ruptures, de discontinuités, … sauts contre nature et … entités inutiles ». La déconstruction se produit en s’écartant de l'idée originale, en raison de l'application de mon propre cadre de référence. Des nouvelles expressions figuratives naissent des métaphores créées par le langage, mais lorsque l'image de traduction se produit, les correspondances ou la métonymie se transforment en sens différencié ou en polysémie.

Ces œuvres font suite à mes explorations antérieurs du temps et du lieu dans des mondes utopiques, mais dans ces œuvres, elles acquièrent un caractère alchimique de fusion du passé et du présent, et deviennent liées à une recherche de sagesse. J'ai choisi de suivre une esthétique alchimique car elle fait écho au mélange latent d'idées inscrites dans la métaphore et à leur distillation dans un flux de sens entre le mot et l'image. Le fondement alchimique du concept, des médias et des processus fait référence à la transmutation, à la fermentation, au raffinement et à la conjonction d'idées et de matériaux. Les médias physiques se mêlent aux médias numériques, se complètent et s'effacent. Ma palette de couleurs est liée aux stades alchimiques dans la transmutation de la prima materia en pierre philosophale de la sagesse. Ces stades sont nigredo (mélanose) – noir ; albédo (leucose) – blanc ; citrinitas (xanthose) – jaune/or ; et rubedo (iosis) – rouge. Les nuances de gris alchimique et de métal sont utilisées en référence aux sept métaux planétaires de l'alchimie - fer, plomb, étain, argent, or, mercure et cuivre - dont chacun fait référence à une planète ainsi qu'à un organe humain. Le vert phosphoreux alchimique représente la lumière et l'esprit, mais en association, il peut également être lu comme représentant des idées utopiques d'un bon endroit. L'utilisation du bleu glacier concerne le mercure, l'eau et l'esprit. Là où une palette nocturne est utilisée, elle fait référence à l'obscurité du chaos primal, mais aussi au crépuscule du subconscient.

Chaque œuvre est accompagnée d'un texte traitant d’idées philosophiques pertinentes allant de 400 avant notre ère aux formulations actuelles sur le cyborg et l'Anthropocène. Écrits sur la nature humaine ; le rapport des gens au monde ; la génétique ; mémoire ; connaissance ; et l'impact des nouvelles technologies sont interprétés visuellement. À travers l'imagerie animale et les environnements animaliers, je commente des idées sur l'évolution génétique et la transmutation technologique.

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MY THOUGHTS …

We are spoken by language, written by it and, as Humpty Dumpty teaches us, we can never be considered masters of the process of meaning, no matter how hard we may long for it.” (Rosi Braidotti 2014:164). Recognising the power of language in constructing our world, I transmute some verbal musings of philosophers and writers to artworks. Their ideas indicate a search for truth, wisdom and insight about humans’ relationship to their surroundings and other beings, or as Braidotti says, an engagement with “our shared humanity”. The close relationship between word and image has been argued in antiquity already, as by Horace (19 BCE) in his Ars Poetica. But such interconnectivity cannot be reduced to total similarity (ut pictura poesis) or total difference (paragone). It shows complex relationships that complement each other and are connected through the idea. These interdisciplinary relationships create new meaning in their hybridity, through the imagination’s visualisation. Word-image relationships are formed by correspondence, association and emotion, but sound and music can also evoke imagery and even visual fantasy.

To Paul Ricoeur (1977:352) the act or experience of ‘seeing as’ may be viewed as the missing link in the chain of explanation: “‘Seeing as’ is the sensible aspect of poetic language. Half thought, half experience, ‘seeing as’ is the intuitive relationship that holds sense and image together” (Ricoeur 1977:252). Georges Didi-Huberman (2016) points out that since Plato, “images have been accused of bearing or producing error and illusion.” Therefore we can assume that an image is a vehicle of ‘non-knowledge’, which is something to be imagined, thought or written. To this philosopher (2016:112) non-knowledge is to knowledge “what the firefly is to the light … . The image is indeed like a firefly, a little glimmer, the lucciola of transient, sporadic events”.

My rhetorical methodology of applying metaphor departs from the word as the unit of reference and I search for resemblances; but in my process of transmutation my dance with the word and image knows no boundaries. The songs of philosophers turn into galloping images, following Didi-Huberman, which brings “forth a flood of representations, straddled ravines, ruptures, discontinuities, … unnatural leaps and … unnecessary entities.” Deconstruction happens by deviating from the original idea, due to the application of my own frame of reference. New figurative expressions grow out of the metaphors created by language, but when the translation image occurs the correspondences or metonymy turn into differentiated meaning or polysemy.

 

These works follow on my previous explorations of time and place in utopian worlds, but in these works they acquire an alchemical character of a melting of past and present, and become connected to a search for wisdom. I have chosen to follow an alchemical aesthetic since it echoes the latent mingling of ideas embedded in metaphor and their distillation into a flow of meaning between word and image. The alchemical underpinning in concept, media and processes refers to transmutation, fermentation, refinement and conjunction of ideas and materials. Physical media intermingle with digital media, and they supplement and erase each other. My colour scheme is related to the alchemical stadia in the transmutation of the prima materia to the philosopher’s stone of wisdom. These stadia are nigredo (melanosis) - black; albedo (leucosis)  – white;  citrinitas (xanthosis) – yellow/gold; and rubedo (iosis) – red. Nuances of alchemical grey and metal are used in reference to the seven planetary metals in alchemy – iron, lead, tin, silver, gold, mercury and copper – each of which refers to a planet as well as a human organ. Alchemical phosphorous green represents light and spirit, but in association it can also be read as representing utopian ideas of a good place. The use of ice blue relates to mercury, water and spirit. Where a nocturnal palette is used it refers to the darkness of primal chaos, but also to the dusk of the subconscious.

Each work is accompanied by text dealing with relevant philosophical ideas that range from 400 BCE to current formulations on the cyborg and the Anthropocene. Writings on human nature; people’s relationship with the world; genetics; memory; knowledge; and the impact of new technologies are visually interpreted. Through animal imagery and animalistic environments, I comment on ideas of genetic evolution and technological transmutation.

TEXT: OPENING BY PROF. STELLA VILJOEN, UNIVERSITY OF STELLENBOSCH I’d like to begin by just reminding you of the story of Plato's Cave, published in Republic.  It is written as a dialogue between Plato's brother and his mentor Socrates, narrated by the latter. Socrates asks Glaucon to imagine a cave where people have been imprisoned from childhood. These prisoners are chained so that their legs and necks are fixed, forcing them to all face the wall in front of them as if it is a movie screen. Behind the prisoners is a fire, and between the fire and the prisoners is a raised walkway where people walk carrying objects and puppets that cast shadows for the prisoners to see. But, so the story goes, the shadows are exaggerated – they are distortions that turn the real objects into monsters so that the prisoners live in constant fear.  Socrates explains how the philosopher is like a prisoner who is freed from the cave and comes to understand that the shadows on the wall are actually not the direct source of the images and are, of course, a misrepresentation. The philosopher goes back into the cave to explain the actual state of affairs to the prisoners, but the inmates of the cave refuse to believe him and do not even desire to leave their prison, for they know no better life. The point is that those who have experienced some kind of philosophical enlightenment, those who have been down the rabbit hole and lived to tell of the Wonderland, those who have seen through the Matrix, if you’ll forgive my heavy-handed references to the various allegories of this ilk, are burdened with the difficult task of trying to convince the enslaved of reality.  Is it the task of the artist to do this? Is it the role of the philosopher-creative to tell us about the way the world really is? And most importantly, can they explain reality in a way that is convincing?   The French philosopher Roland Barthes famously differentiated between what he called readerly and writerly texts. Readerly texts are enjoyed passively. You can simply relax in front of a soap opera and let the one predictable plot unfold after the other. You need not actively engage. Conversely, writerly texts require that you the reader-observer must fill in the gaps, co-author a text that requires deciphering and active interpretation. When you read the Economist or Dostoyevsky you need to participate in the meaning-making and thus these texts are writerly.    So what does all this have to do with Elfriede Dreyer’s powerful exhibition? My sense is that Dreyer is an escapee, a philosopher trying to tell us something about the true nature of the world around us. She does this by pointing to the work of other escapee-philosophers whose writings functions like eye-witness accounts but whose ideas are so difficult, so complex as to be almost incomprehensible in their writerly-ness. Hers is not a dumbing down of these ideas, but an account that digests and visualises so that we too can see the wood for the trees. Her politics is specifically designed to disrupt the distinctions between the writerly and readerly. Her art is not highbrow or lowbrow, it is nobrow, which is to say that it refuses easy classification. But it nevertheless assuages our fears about the distorted shadows against the wall and allows us to recognise the puppets for what they are … mere chimeras of the imagination.     At the same time, her art and writing warns us of the things we are right to fear. Has man exploited and pillaged the earth to the point of no return? Dreyer provides hope in the very act of naming the dominations and erasures that plague this current moment. She is concerned but undeterred and in this provides us with an art that does not require exposition, but ironically speaks even in the absence of discursive rhetoric. It is the textures, the drawing in paint and the visceral presence of the artist’s hand that is most eloquent. This is the true witness.   I’ll end by briefly referring to a work made this year and the story behind it…because although the stories aren’t needed, they are so much fun. In Ships of Neurath, Dreyer creates a dystopian seascape in which ships float on the tides of change. The metaphor contained in the work refers to the ship of the mythic Theseus, king of Athens, who rescued the children of Athens from king Minos and sailed away with them on a ship to Delos. In order to stay seaworthy, the ship required that the people of Athens, in an act of support and acknowledgement of his heroism, restored the ship to its former glory by replacing rotting planks with new timber. Dreyer, following the philosopher Otto Neurath, poses the question of whether a paradigm is still the same after new ideas have been grafted into the old. Almost as if in answer to this question, the exhibition before you becomes the new wood that makes old ideas seaworthy. It is not just that Dreyer breathes new life into them, but that her visualisations make staid philosophical arguments feel buoyant. Her eloquent interpretations tell us of reality but do it in a way that feels light and easy. These are not the thoughts of an artist, philosopher or activist … these are the thoughts of a jubilant escapee.

View Exhibition at Rust-en-Vrede Gallery, DURBANVILLE

View Exhibition at Galerie Latuvu, BAGES, FRANCE       EXHIBITION REVIEW

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